Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: What group 2 innate lymphoid cells tell themselves: autocrine signals play essential roles in mucosal immunity

Fig. 1

Autocrine regulation of ILC2 responses mediated by ChAT-ACh pathway during helminth infection and allergen challenge. ILC2s upregulate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)—the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) after helminth infection or challenging with allergens or alarmin cytokines including IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). ILC2s also express numerous acetylcholine receptors, which can respond to ACh derived from ILC2s to form an autocrine feedback loop. Autocrine regulation of ILC2 responses mediated by ChAT-ACh pathway is indispensable for ILC2 effector function through manipulating their proliferation and cytokine production such as IL-13 and IL-5

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