Fig. 5 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Pancreatic cancer cells render tumor-associated macrophages metabolically reprogrammed by a GARP and DNA methylation-mediated mechanism

Fig. 5

Tumor-educated macrophages promote metastasis in the “orthotopic” mouse model of PDA in a DNA methylation-dependent manner. a Scheme of the experiment. The exogenous macrophages were isolated from eight C57BL/6 mice. b Pancreas tissues were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-F4/80 antibody to evaluate macrophage depletion and exogenous macrophage infusion. Representative treatment groups are shown. Arrow indicates F4/80-positive macrophages. Scale bar: 50 μm. c Examination of exogenous macrophages pre-labeled by Vybrant Dil. Arrow indicates Vybrant Dil-positive macrophages in pancreas tissues. Scale bar: 50 μm. d Average sizes of pancreatic tumors at the end of the experiments in mice of each treatment group as indicated. Data are means ± SEM from triplicates, *P < 0.05 (ANOVA). e Percentages of mice that had metastasis in each treatment group in (d). Primary tumors and metastases were examined both grossly and microscopically. Note that some primary tumors were not visualized grossly likely due to technical variations of tumor implantation. DAC + M1 vs. other CELs groups (P = 0.002), DAC + M1 vs. DAC + WZB-117 + M1 (P = 0.03). CELs+M1 vs. CELs+ M2 (P = 0.65). All used Fisher’s exact tests

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