Fig. 5: HMGB1 and RICTOR mRNAs epigenetically impede responses to anti-PD-L1 therapy in HCC through PD-L1+exosomes activity. | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 5: HMGB1 and RICTOR mRNAs epigenetically impede responses to anti-PD-L1 therapy in HCC through PD-L1+exosomes activity.

From: An RNA–RNA crosstalk network involving HMGB1 and RICTOR facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis by promoting glutamine metabolism and impedes immunotherapy by PD-L1+ exosomes activity

Fig. 5

a PMBC killing assay scheme. HMGB1/RICTOR mRNA interference HCC cells (abbreviated as “KD-HMGB1 or KD-RICTOR”, respectively) were cocultured with activated PBMCs and treated with or without Atezolizumab for 48 h before apoptosis detection. b Cell apoptosis in treated HCC cells was evaluated by TUNEL assay (above). The apoptotic cell ratios were shown (below). c Exosomes isolated from cell culture supernatants in treated HCC cells were determined by flow cytometry using PE-fluorescein-conjugated anti-PD-L1 antibody (red). Isotype matched antibody (PE-fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgG antibody) was used as gating controls (black). Percentages of PD-L1+ Exo resulted from the relative fluorescence values gated by isotype controls. Exo: exosomes. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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