Fig. 2: TCR activation.

In resting T cells, CD3ζ and CD3ε remain membrane-embedded. Perhaps membrane-bound CD3ζ might be released to the cytosol, where free LCK induces tyrosine phosphorylation on at least two sites in ITAMs. This basal tyrosine phosphorylation creates docking sites for ZAP-70 interaction. After antigen engagement, the TCR complex recruits coreceptor-bound LCK that phosphorylates ZAP-70 and interacts with it through the SH2 domain facilitating tyrosine phosphorylation on other residues on ITAMs.