Fig. 2

Recurrence patterns during HCC early recurrence after curative resection. a Numbers of somatic mutations (SNVs + Indels) and frequency of shared mutations at the whole-genome level between primary tumors and recurrent tumors across 40 patients with HCC after force calling. b The proportion of shared mutations in patients with de novo recurrence and ancestral recurrence. c, d Clonality indices for the 40 cases of HCC analyzed in our study. Red dotted lines indicate the cut-off value to define clonal relatedness. e, f The proportion of shared mutations and its relationship to the recurrence location. g Comparison of recurrence time between patients with de novo recurrence and patients with ancestral recurrence. h Comparison of total somatic mutations (left panel), non-synonymous mutations (middle panel), and SVs (right panel) between primary tumors and recurrent tumors in patients with de novo recurrence or ancestral recurrence. i Comparison of whole-genome doubling (WGD), tumor cell differentiation, and tumor size between patients with de novo recurrence and patients with ancestral recurrence in primary or recurrent tumors. j Kaplan−Meier analysis revealed different overall survival rates between the two recurrence patterns after the second resection