Fig. 1

Loss of CYTL1 switches metabolism reprogramming to glycolysis in breast cancer. a Analysis of cytl1 expression in human breast cancer issues (n = 1085) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 112) based on TCGA dataset. b The immunohistochemical images of breast cancer samples in different grades. Each grade shows three samples. The statistical relative intensity was evaluated by immunoreactivity intensities multiplied by the proportion of stain-positive cells, which was divided into 5 grades 0 (<5%), 1 (5–25%), 2 (26–50%), 3 (51–75%), and 4 (>75%). c Analysis of the relevance of CYTL1 protein expression with the survival rate of breast cancer patients. d Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showing glycolysis gene signatures enriched in breast cancer patients with low cytl1 expression relative to those with high cytl1 expression based on TCGA database. Breast cancer samples were divided into cytl1-low and cytl1-high expression groups according to the median value. NES normalized enrichment score, FDR false discovery rate. e Glucose-uptake activity in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with HA-tagged CYTL1 expressing plasmid was detected by flow cytometry. The protein levels of CYTL1 in the transfected cells were determined using anti-CYTL1 antibody by western blot (left panel). GAPDH was used as a loading control. f Glucose-uptake activity in CYTL1 KO cells. g Glucose-uptake ability in the indicated breast cancer cell lines with different levels of intact CYTL1 expression. The protein levels of CYTL1 in these cells were determined by western blot (upper panel). Tubulin was used as a loading control. The densitometry of the immunoblots was performed with the Image J software and is presented in the histograms. h The OCR (upper panel) and ECAR (lower panel) in MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing CYTL1 were analyzed by the Seahorse. a, e: oligomycin, b: FCCP, c: antimycin, d: glucose, f: 2-DG. i The OCR (upper panel) and ECAR (lower panel) in CYTL1 KO cells. j The OCR (upper panel) and ECAR (lower panel) in the indicated breast cancer cell lines. k, l Lactate production levels in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with k HA-tagged CYTL1 expressing plasmids or l the indicated shRNAs were detected by a spectrophotometer and normalized to the cell number. m Lactate production levels in the indicated breast cancer cell lines. The data are shown as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001