Fig. 3

Intracellular CYTL1 prevents tumor growth and metastases. a Cell numbers were counted using a Trypan exclusion assay after MDA-MB-231 cells expressing ΔCYTL1 were cultured for the indicated period. b Colony formation assay was performed after MDA-MB-231 cells expressing ΔCYTL1 were cultured for 15 days. c Cell migration of MDA-MB-231 cells expressing ΔCYTL1 was determined using transwell assay. d–h Female nude mice were subjected to orthotopic injection with MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing ΔCYTL1. Some mice were sacrificed 28 days later, after which tumors, lungs, and sera were collected, followed by photography and measurement. Some mice were monitored until they died. d Tumor growth curves (n = 6). Upper panel: representative images of the tumors at the end of the experiments. e Tumor weight. f Survival curve of mice (n = 6). g Serum lactate levels. h Representative H&E-stained lung sections. Circles indicate metastatic foci in the lungs. Scale bar, 500 μm. Lower panel: the proportion of mice with lung metastases in each group. i–l Female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to orthotopic injection with E0771 cells stably expressing ΔCYTL1. The mice were sacrificed 36 days later, after which tumors, lungs, and sera were collected. i Tumor growth curves (n = 6). Upper panel: representative images of the tumors at the end of the experiments. j Tumor weight. k Serum lactate levels. l Representative H&E-stained lung sections. Circles indicate metastatic foci in the lungs. Scale bar, 500 μm. Lower panel: the proportion of mice with lung metastases in each group. The data are shown as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001