Fig. 1: Analysis of diverse gliomas obtained from patients and mice revealed distinct TAMs phenotypes and their origination.

a. Schematic illustration of TAMs phenotype analysis from tumor samples of glioma patients. b. M1 macrophage (iNOS), M2 macrophage (CD163), and proliferation (Ki67) immunostaining of histological sections of tumor-adjacent tissues as control and in both low-grade gliomas (LGG: diffuse astrocytoma, n = 22) and high-grade gliomas (HGG: anaplastic astrocytoma, n = 20; glioblastoma multiforme, n = 22) resected from glioma patients. Quantitative analysis of the corresponding M2/M1 ratios was shown on the right side. The proliferation-related Ki67 marker index was positively correlated with the M2/M1 ratio. All images have the same scale of 50 μm. c. M2/M1 ratio analysis of 167 HGG and 522 LGG cases acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Each dot represented a single individual. d. Survival curves of glioma patients from TCGA database. The OncoLnc tool was used to explore the survival correlations for M2/M1 ratio data. e. Immunostaining of histological sections (left) and quantitative analysis (right) of noncolocalization percentage of microglia (TMEM119, green) and M1 macrophage (iNOS, red) of human glioma tissue. All images have the same scale of 50 μm. Nuclei: DAPI, blue (n = 6). f. Immunostaining of histological sections (left) and quantitative analysis (right) of noncolocalization percentage of microglia (TMEM119, green) and M2 macrophage (CD163, red) of human glioma tissue. All images have the same scale of 50 μm. Nuclei: DAPI, blue (n = 6). g. Schematic illustration of TAM phenotype analysis from tumor samples of U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) /G422 (mouse glioblastoma cells) /GL261 (mouse glioma cells)-cell-derived xenograft tumor-bearing mice. h. M1 macrophage (iNOS), M2 macrophage (CD163), and proliferation (Ki67) immunostaining of histological sections of normal tissue, U87MG, G422, and GL261-bearing tissue in mice. All images have the same scale of 50 μm. i. Microglia (TMEM119, green) and M1 macrophage (iNOS, red) immunostaining of histological sections of U87MG, G422, and GL261-bearing tissue (Top). Microglia and M2 macrophage (CD163, red) immunostaining of histological sections of U87MG, G422, and GL261-bearing tissue (bottom). All images have the same scale of 50 μm. Nuclei: DAPI, blue. Data in b, e, and f are presented as the mean ± S.D. Statistical significance was calculated via one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test (b) or unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (c) and survival analysis was calculated by two-sided Log-rank Mantel-Cox tests (d)