Fig. 5: In vivo evaluation of the antitumor effects of CCA-M1EVs in U87MG-luc tumor-bearing mice. | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 5: In vivo evaluation of the antitumor effects of CCA-M1EVs in U87MG-luc tumor-bearing mice.

From: Exploration and functionalization of M1-macrophage extracellular vesicles for effective accumulation in glioblastoma and strong synergistic therapeutic effects

Fig. 5

a. Experimental design for evaluating the efficiency of tumor inhibition upon treatments with PBS, M1EVs, A-M1EVs, CC-M1EVs, and CCA-M1EVs in U87MG-luc tumor-bearing model mice. The mice were given the indicated formulations at day 7, 10, 13, 16, and 19. Bioluminescence intensity in the brain was determined every three days using an IVIS III instrument. 24 h after the final injection, ROS production was detected by DCFH-DA using two-photon fluorescence images and O2 concentration was measured by photoacoustic (PA). Meanwhile, some of the mice in each group were sacrificed, and brains were harvested for TME and proliferation analyses. The remaining mice were used to monitor tumor growth and survival time. b. Representative bioluminescence images of U87MG-luc tumor-bearing mice after i.v. injection with different groups at the indicated time points. The blank area means mice were dead. c. Corresponding quantification of the total flux in luciferase signals from panel (b) (n = 8). d. Survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice upon treated with different groups (n = 8). e. Immunofluorescence imaging of brain histological sections of M2 (CD163, green) and M1 (iNOS, red), and corresponding quantification of M2/M1 ratio. All images have the same scale of 50 μm (n = 6). f. Two-photon fluorescence images of U87MG-bearing mice and quantitative analysis of ROS signals in tumor tissue after different treatments. All images have the same scale of 100 μm (n = 6). g. PA images of U87MG-bearing mice and quantitative analysis of the oxyhemoglobin saturation levels in tumors (n = 6). h. Ki67 staining of tumor sections for each group, with corresponding quantification on the right. All images have the same scale of 50 μm (n = 6). For c, e, f, g, and h are presented as the mean ± S.D. Statistical significance between multiple groups was calculated using one-way ANOVA with a Kruskal-Wallis test (c, e, f, g, h). Survival analysis was calculated with two-sided Log-rank Mantel-Cox tests (d). ns, not significant

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