Fig. 1
From: Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases
Molecular interaction between the circadian core clock and cell cycle components. The CLOCK:BMAL1 complex transcriptionally activates genes containing E-box regulatory elements in their regulatory regions, such as clock genes and cell-cycle genes. A CLOCK:BMAL1 complex directly controls the transcription of the cell-cycle-related gene Wee-1 contains three B-boxes in its promoter and encodes a protein kinase that inactivates the CDC2/Cyclin B1 complex, thus regulating G2-M transition and cell-cycle progression. B Transcriptional activation of the genes encoding Cyclin D1 and C-MYC by CLOCK:BMAL1 affects cell proliferation and differentiation. C PER1 can complex with the ATM kinase and the checkpoint kinase Chk2, thus impinging upon DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. D Both physiological and stress-induced p53 binds to p53 response element in PER2 promoter, which overlaps with the BMAL1/CLOCK-binding site, thereby inhibiting CLOCK:BMAL1-mediated transcription of PER2. (BioRender.com has been used to create the figure)
