Table 1 Peptide drugs approved since 2000, with their targets and indications

GLP-1 receptor

Exenatide⁴⁶²

2005

Indicated for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Liraglutide⁴⁶³

2009

Lixisenatide⁴⁶⁴

2013

Albiglutide⁴⁶⁵

2014

Dulaglutide⁴⁶⁶

2014

Semaglutide⁴⁶⁷

2017

GLP-2 receptor

Teduglutide⁴⁶⁸

2012

Treatment of Short bowel syndrome and malabsorption

GC-C receptor

Linaclotide⁴⁶⁹

2012

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation

Calcitonin receptor

Pramlintide⁴⁷⁰

2005

Treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

GnRH receptor

Abarelix⁴⁷¹

2003

Treatment of advanced prostate cancer

Degarelix⁴⁷²

2008

Binding to active site of the 20S proteasome

Carfilzomib⁴⁷³

2012

Treatment of multiple myeloma

NOD2 protein

Mifamurtide⁴⁷⁴

2009

Treatment of high-grade, resectable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma

VIP1 receptor

Aviptadil⁴⁷⁵

2000

Treatment of erectile dysfunction

OT receptor

Atosiban⁴⁷⁶

2000

Indicated for use in delaying imminent pre-term birth

Carbetocin⁴⁷⁶

2001

Used for postpartum hemorrhage

TRH receptor

Taltirelin⁴⁷⁷

2000

Spinocerebellar degeneration

MC receptors

Bremelanotide⁴⁷⁸

2019

Indicated for hypoactive sexual desire disorder

PTH1 receptor

Teriparatide⁴⁷⁹

2002

Treatment of osteoporosis

Abaloparatide⁴⁸⁰

2017

Guanylate cyclase C

Plecanatide⁴⁸¹

2017

Treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation

NPR-A

Nesiritide⁴⁸²

2001

Treatment of acute decompensated heart failure

AT₁ receptor

Angiotensin II⁴⁸³

2017

Indicated for sepsis and septic Shock

Beta2-receptor

Icatibant⁴⁸⁴

2008

Approved for use in acute attacks of hereditary angioedema

gp41

Enfuvirtide⁴⁸⁵

2003

Used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1

GHRH receptor

Tesamorelin⁴⁸⁶

2010

Reduction of HIV lipodystrophy

N-type calcium channels

Ziconotide⁴⁸⁷

2004

Management of severe chronic pain

Thrombopoietin receptor

Romiplostim⁴⁸⁸

2008

Treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Human erythropoietin receptor

Peginesatide⁴⁸⁹

2012

Treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease

Pulmonary surfactant

Lucinactant⁴⁹⁰

2012

Prevention of respiratory distress syndrome

CaSR

Etelcalcetide⁴⁹¹

2016

Indicated for secondary hyperparathyroidism

MC1 receptor

Afamelanotide⁴⁹²

2014

Prevention of phototoxicity

Somatostatin receptors

Pasireotide⁴⁹³

2012

Treatment of Cushing’s disease

Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate^494,495

2018

Treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Edotreotide gallium Ga-68^496,497

2019

Indicated for diagnose somatostatin receptor positive neuroendocrine tumors

Melanocortin-4 receptor

Setmelanotide^498,499

2020

Indicated for chronic weight management of obesity