Fig. 2

SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection of T cell lines or primary T cells. a Schedule of experiments. b Unactivated or activated Jurkat cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.1) and samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post infection. Viral load in cells or cell supernatant was then quantified by qPCR detection of total viral RNA (RBD of spike gene as target) or subgenomic RNA (sgRNA, M gene as target). c Depth and coverage comparison for SARS-CoV-2 0 h or 24 h-infected activated Jurkat cells. For each sample, virus quantity was normalized with its total reads number of sequencing. Two replicates are shown for each time point. d Viral NP in the infected activated Jurkat cells and cell supernatant was analyzed by western blot at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post infection. e Viral NP 72 h-infected cells from (d) were analyzed by flow cytometry and the number of replicates that are represented in the bar graph is three. f Viral particles in infected activated Jurkat or MT4 cells were observed by transmission electron microscope. bar = 1 μm or 500 nm, magnification: 3500-folds and 9600-folds for Jurkat cell, 5000-folds or 11500-folds for MT4 cell. g Unactivated or activated primary T cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.01) and samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, and 12 h post infection. Viral load in cells was then quantified by qPCR. h Colon organoids were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.01). Zero hour and 24 h samples were harvested and quantified by qPCR. The data were analyzed by Student’s t test and statistical significance is indicated by the asterisks (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001; NS no significance)