Fig. 3
From: Signal pathways and precision therapy of small-cell lung cancer
Potential combination strategies of ICIs in order to overcome resistance based on the immune phenotype. Antitumor immunity can be classified into three main phenotypes: the immuno-desert tumor (a), the immuno-excluded tumor (b) and the immuno-inflamed tumor (c). Each of this phenotype is associated with multiple mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. In order to overcome resistance to single-agent CPI, combination strategies have been suggested. The most promising ones comprise the combination with another ICIs, cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, antiangiogenesis or targeted therapies
