Fig. 1
Experiment timeline and echocardiographic measurements in four groups of mice. a Experiment timeline in four groups of mice. b Representative echocardiographic images in mice: (1) Two-dimensional echocardiogram showing left ventricular long-axis view; (2) M-mode echocardiogram showing left ventricular dimensions; (3) Pulse-wave Doppler echocardiogram depicting diastolic mitral flow; (4) Tissue Doppler echocardiogram displaying mitral annular velocities. c Measurements of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in mice. d Measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in mice. e Measurements of left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) in mice. f Measurements of the ratio of early to late diastolic mitral flow velocities (E/A) in mice. g Measurements of the ratio of early to late diastolic mitral annular velocities (E'/A') in mice. h Measurements of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) thickness in mice. i Measurements of interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in mice. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the A17fl/fl control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. the A17fl/fl DM group; n = 6.
