Fig. 2

SAC attenuates EndoMT via restoration of imbalanced glycolytic/mitochondrial metabolism. a, b Analysis of ECAR and lactate production in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1 and SAC (n = 3). c Analysis of OCR in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1 and SAC (n = 3). d Lactate production in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, DCA, and galactose (n = 3). e Immunofluorescent staining of α-SMA in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, DCA and galactose, scale bar, 20 μm (n = 3). f Immunoblot analysis of CD31 and α-SMA expression in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, DCA and galactose. α-Tubulin was used as the loading control (n = 3). g q-PCR analysis of Acta2, Edn1, Col1a1 and Postn mRNA level in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, DCA, and galactose. 18s RNA was used as the internal reference (n = 3). h Immunofluorescent staining of α-SMA in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, SAC, and devimistat, scale bar, 20 μm (n = 3). i Immunoblot analysis of CD31 and α-SMA expression in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, SAC, and devimistat. α-Tubulin was used as the loading control (n = 3). j q-PCR analysis of Acta2, Edn1, Col1a1, and Postn mRNA level in ECs treated with vehicle, TGF-β1, SAC and devimistat. 18s RNA was used as the internal reference (n = 3). Data are represented as mean ± SD. ^###p < 0.001 versus control group. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus model group (b) or indicated group