Fig. 7

The immune characteristics of AASE subtypes of LUAD. a Heatmap showing the infiltration levels of immune cells that are significantly different in the three subtypes. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables: age, gender, TNM stage, and status of TP53, KRAS, EGFR, ALK, RET, and MET mutations and splicing factors RBM10, SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 mutations. b, c Box plot showing the infiltration levels of CD4 memory resting T cells, resting mDCs, activated mDCs (b), and total immune cells (c) in the three subtypes. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, ns indicating no significance. d The activation degree of immune pathways showed a significant difference among the three subtypes. e, f Distribution of the intensity of “Antigen Processing and Presentation”, “NK Cell Cytotoxicity”, “TCR signaling pathway” (e), and the whole intensity of all immune pathways (f) in the three subtypes. g Heatmap showing the expression of significantly different immunomodulators in the three subtypes. h, i Distribution of the expression of CD28, HLA-DPA1, and HLA-DRA (h), and total immunomodulators (i) in the three subtypes. j Box plot showing the levels of immune cell infiltration, CD8 expression, and PD-L1 expression in the three subtypes, which were evaluated through the H&E-stained and IHC-stained slides of 60 LUAD samples in our own cohort. The blue dot in each box represents the mean value. k H&E and IHC (CD8 and PD-L1) staining of representative LUAD samples belonging to G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Scale bars, 100 μm