Table 3 Cholesterol and diseases
Diseases | Cholesterol-induced pathogenesis | Cholesterol-lowering therapies |
|---|---|---|
ASCVD | Promotes macrophage foaminess | refer to Table 1 |
NAFLD | Induces inflammation, Küpffer cell foaminess, formation of “crown-like structures” | Statins and ezetimibe (controversial) in clinical studies; Lanifibranor in animal model; Potential new targets: SH3RF2, miRNAs |
Obesity | Induces inflammation in adipose tissue, less thermogenic effect | Triiodothyronine in clinical studies; Diet and lifestyle changes; Potential new targets: β3-adrenergic receptor, GC-1 |
Diabetes | Induces islet β-cell dysfunction; Induces inflammation, oxidative stress and ER stress | CETP inhibitor in clinical studies; Potential new targets: miR-33a and miR-145 |
Neurodegenerative diseases | Increases Aβ, p-Tau and NFTs: Reduces Aβ clearance Increases α-synuclein aggregates mHTT leads to an unbalanced cholesterol homeostasis | Statins (controversial) in clinical studies; Ewfavirenz, BM15.766, LXRs agonizts and β-cyclodextrins in animal model |
Cancer | Promotes the process of cancer; Leads to T cell exhaustion | Statins in clinical studies; Avacizimibe, T0901317 and ezetimibe in animal model |
Osteoporosis | Increases bone resorption; Decreases bone formation | Statins in clinical studies (controversial) |
Virus infection | Increases the density of lipid rafts; Promotes viral endocytosis 25HC and CH25H inhibit virus infection PCSK9 promotes DENV infection PCSK9 inhibits HCV infection | Statins in clinical studies T0901317 in animal model Evolocumab in clinical study Alirocumab in animal model |
