Table 2 Summary of lactate in disease and the related signaling pathways
Disease | Mechanism | Clinical significance |
|---|---|---|
Cancer | Energy metabolism | Potential therapeutic targets |
PD-L1/PD-1 pathway T-cell apoptosis | ||
PAR-VEG/VEGFR2 | ||
Histone/Non-Histone lactylation | ||
Activate the ERK–STAT3 pathway, GPR132 and Notch | ||
Stabilize the HIF1 pathway | ||
Inhibit NFAT, NKp46, and mTOR signaling | ||
Traumatic brain injury | Energy metabolism | Neuroprotective effects |
Biomarker of systemic physiology | ||
Therapy for treating encephaledema | ||
Cardiovascular disease | Energy metabolism | Biomarker of myocardial injury |
GPR81/KLF2-mediated down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and increased secretion of VCAM-1 and E-selectin | Predictors of prognosis and mortality rate | |
NF-κB pathway, FGF23 pathway, NO/cGMP signal transduction pathway, ATP ion channel | Reduce myocardial reperfusion injury | |
Excite C1 neurons/Increases sympathetic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure | Risk factors for atherosclerosis | |
Respiratory disease | Energy metabolism | Biomarker of severity of disease |
Inhibite IL-33/TGF-β, JNK, ERK, NF-κB | Predictors of the prognosis and mortality rate | |
MRGPRX2-mediated inflammation | Indicators of diagnosis and therapeutic effect | |
Chronic liver disease | Energy metabolism | Predictors of prognosis and mortality rate |
Kidney disease | Energy metabolism | Predictors of kidney injury and mortality rate |
PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, Sirtuin 3/AMPK-regulated autophagy | Indicators of therapeutic effect | |
Sepsis | Energy metabolism | Biomarker of severity of disease |
HMGB1 lactylation | Predictors of prognosis and mortality rate | |
Inhibit NF-κB pathway-mediated production of inflammatory cytokines | ||
Arthritis | Energy metabolism | Indicators of diagnosis |
Slc5a12-inhibit binding of CXCR3 and CXCL10 | ||
Slc5a12/PKM2/STAT3/IL-17 |
