Fig. 2

Analysis of HSPC transition states in ITP and HC samples. a UMAP plots displaying the expression of known marker genes (HLF, EBF1, CEBPD, and GATA1) during hematopoietic development. Arrows indicate the main directions of differentiation, inferred from the analysis of typical marker genes. b Pseudotime-ordered analysis of HSPCs from the ITP and HC samples. Colors represent the cell clusters indicated in Fig. 1c. c 2D graph of the pseudotime-ordered HSPCs from HC (top) and ITP (bottom) samples. d Heat map showing dynamic changes in gene expression along the pseudotime (cataloged hierarchically into four gene modules). Adjusted p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. e Loess-smoothed curves fitted to the z scored averaged expression of genes in modules 1–4 along the pseudotime trajectory. f Dynamic expression of representative genes in each module along the pseudotime trajectory. g Two-dimensional plots showing the dynamic expression of significantly enhanced genes in ITP compared with HC along the pseudotime. A log-transformed fold change value greater than 0.25, the minimum percentage >0.25, and adjusted p value < 0.05 were used to define significantly upregulated genes. h Two-dimensional plots showing the dynamic expression of scores for abnormality of complement system, complement binding, heme metabolism, regulation of complement activation, regulation of humoral immune response, and reticulocytosis along with the pseudotime in ITP (red) and HC (blue) groups. The values of the y axis are the calculated GSVA scores. Pathways are selected from the GSEA enrichment results in ITP (NES > 1, NOM p val < 0.05, and FDR q val < 0.25)