Fig. 1
From: Therapeutic strategy targeting host lipolysis limits infection by SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus
In vitro and in vivo activation of lipid droplet (LD)-associated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) during SARS-CoV-2 replication. a Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of sequential changes of BODIPY-stained intracellular LDs (green) and SARS-CoV-2 S protein (red) in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 KCDC03 strain at an MOI of 0.1 FFU. b Dynamics of intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol in the cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 at an MOI of 0.1 FFU. c Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of phosphorylated HSL (pHSL, green) colocalized with the LD surface marker perilipin-3 (PLIN3) (red) of cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 at an MOI of 0.1 FFU. d Representative western blot. Sequential expression levels of pHSLs (S563 and S660) and PLIN3 in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells at an MOI of 0.1 FFU. e Representative images of pHSL (S563, green) and SARS-CoV-2 NP antigen (red) levels in the alveolar epithelial cells of lung tissues sampled at 2 and 4 dpi from Syrian hamsters challenged with 105 TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2 KCDC03 strain. f, g Dynamics of pHSLs (S563 and S660) and intracellular free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol in lung tissues obtained sequentially from Syrian hamsters challenged with 105 TCID50 of SARS-CoV-2. All data in the graphs are presented as arithmetic means ± SD from four independent experiments with three experimental animals. One-way analysis of variance was carried out with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Scale bars = 50 µm
