Fig. 5

Desloratadine facilitates the protein degradation of VILIP3. a, b mRNA (a) and protein (b) expression of VILIP3 was detected in the Huh7 and HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of desloratadine for 48 h. c VILIP3 protein expression in the HepG2 cells treated with CHX alone or in combination with 10 µg/ml desloratadine for different times. d VILIP3 protein expression in the Huh7 and HepG2 cells treated with MG-132 (10 µM) alone or in combination with 10 µg/ml desloratadine for 12 h. e VILIP3 protein expression in the Huh7 and HepG2 cells treated with NH₄Cl alone or in combination with 10 µg/ml desloratadine for 12 h. f Huh7 cells were treated with DMSO or 10 µg/ml desloratadine for 48 h, RNA sequencing was performed, and IPA identified a significantly altered functional network. g Western blot showing the expression of NFκB pathway-related proteins, including p-p65, p65, and Bcl-2. h Analysis of the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2, which is a downstream target gene in the NFκB pathway. i Huh7-CON, Huh7-p65, HepG2-CON, and HepG2-p65 cells were treated with 6 µg/ml desloratadine or DMSO, and cell viability was evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. j Effects of p65 overexpression on desloratadine-inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion. k A series of cell lines (sgCON, sgVILIP3, sgVILIP3+wt, sgVILIP3+mut) established from Huh7 and HepG2 cells were treated with desloratadine, and then the expression of p-p65, p65, Bcl-2, and β-actin proteins were detected by Western blot. l Western blot detected the expression of the p-p65, p65, Bcl-2, and β-actin proteins in the NMT1 knockdown and NMT1-overexpressing HCC cell lines. m The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was detected by qRT-PCR. SK-Hep1-shCON, SK-Hep1-shNMT1, Hep3B-shCON, and Hep3B-shNMT1 cells were treated with 10 µg/ml desloratadine or DMSO. Bars, SDs; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and n.s., no significance