Fig. 1

Plasma neutralization titers against Omicron variants in convalescents, BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough infection and vaccinees. a Grouping information and timing of plasma sample acquisition from convalescents, BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough infection patients, w represented week, m represented month. b Neutralizing titers against various SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in plasma from convalescents from prototype or Delta SARS-CoV-2 (WC, DC) and Omicron BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection groups (BA.2, BA.5). c Grouping information and timing of plasma sample acquisition from vaccinees who received homologous (I-I-I, B-B-B) or heterologous (I-I-B, I-I-A) booster vaccination. I represented an inactivated vaccine CoronaVac, B represented an mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, and A represented an aerosolized vaccine Ad5-nCoV. d Neutralizing titers against various SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in plasma from vaccinees in homologous or heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccination groups as described in panel c. e Grouping information and timing of plasma sample acquisition from vaccinees who received a second booster vaccination (I-I-I-B, I-I-I-A). f Neutralizing titers against various SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in plasma from vaccinees receiving second COVID-19 booster vaccination as described in panel e. In panel b, d and f, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus used for neutralizing assay included WT, BA.2, BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.2.75.2, XBB and XBB.1.5. The geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMTs) were shown at the bottom in each panel, and fold changes of GMTs against Omicron BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.2.75.2, XBB and XBB.1.5 relative to BA.4/5 were labeled. g Comparison of immune escape properties against diverse Omicron subvariants from vaccinees, convalescents and breakthrough infection were summarized in the heatmap of GMTs. h. The immune escape assessments of different variants were performed as the ratio of their GMTs to that of BA.4/5. Data distribution was confirmed with Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test and Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were used for evaluating differences among the experimental groups. p values are displayed as ns for p > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001