Fig. 4 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Fig. 4

Vascular remodeling pathways. AGEs glycation endproducts deposition, ALPL tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, AMPK adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, ANKH transmembrane protein ankylosis protein homolog, BAD bcl2-associated death promoter, BMP-2 bone morphogenetic protein-2, CBFA1 core-binding factor α-1, ECM extracellular matrix, ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, ERK extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, MMPs matrix metalloproteinases. MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NF-κB nuclear factor κB, HMGB-1 high mobility box group-1, JNK JUN N-terminal kinase, RAGE AGE receptor, ROS reactive oxygen species, ox-LDL oxidized low-density lipoprotein, PI3K phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, SOX9 chondrogenic transcription factors including SRY-Box 9

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