Fig. 2

The M1/M2 macrophage origin, activation, and functional basis. Macrophages are typically produced from embryonic progenitors and involve inputs from yolk sac macrophages, blood monocytes independent, and adult monocytes originating from bone marrow. Macrophage immune modulation, functional plasticity, and phenotype changes are centered on cytokines, transcription, and epigenetic deviations