Table 1 Immuno-therapeutic strategies in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases

From: Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development

Disease

Targets

Name of drug

Phase of clinical trial

AD

Aβ targeted

Trontinemab (RG6102)

Phase I

Remternetug (LY3372993)

Phase III

PRX012

Phase I

MEDI1814

Phase I

GSK933776

Phase I

ALZ-101

Phase I

ACU193

Phase I

ABBV-916

Phase II

ACI-24

Phase II

Donanemab (LY3002813)

Phase III

AN-1792 (QS-21)

Phase II

Amilomotide (CAD106)

Phase III

Vanuitde cridificar (ACC-001)

Phase II

ABvac40

Phase II

Lu AF20513

Phase I

UB-311

Phase II

Bapineuzumab (AAB-001)

Phase III

Solanezumab (LY2062430)

Phase III

Crenezumab (RG7412)

Phase III

Gantenerumab (RO4909832)

Phase III

Aducanumab (BIIB037)

Approved

Lecanemab (BAN2401)

Approved

Ponezumab (PF-04360365)

Phase II

AV-1959D

Phase I

Affitope AD02

Phase I

Tau targeted

AADvac1

Phase II

ACI-35 (VAC20121)

Phase II

Gosuranemab (BIIB092)

Phase II

Tilavonemab (ABBV-8E12)

Phase II

Semorinemab (RO7105705)

Phase I

Zagotenemab (LY3303560)

Phase I

JNJ-63733657

Phase I

Bepranemab (UCB0107)

Phase II

BIIB076

Phase I

APNmab005 (RAA7)

Phase I

E2814

Phase II

Lu AF87908

Phase I

MK-2214

Phase I

PNT001

Phase I

PRX005

Phase I

TREM2 targeted

AL002c

Phase II

DNL919

Phase I

AL044

Phase I

TNF-α signaling

Etanercept

Phase II

Pegipanermin (XPro1595)

Phase II

Lenalidomide

Phase II

NO signaling

CY6463

Phase II

TLR4 signaling

TB006

Phase I

CSF-1R signaling

Edicotinib

Phase I

P2Y6 signaling

GC021109

Phase I

NLRP3 inflammasome

Inzomelid

Phase I

GM-CSF signaling

Sargramostim

Phase II

JAK inhibitor

Baricitinib

Phase II

p38MAPK

MW150

Phase II

Neflampimod

Phase II

ERK, NF-κB, TNF-α

NE3107 (HE3286)

Phase III

Sema4D signaling

Pepinemab

Phase II

Diabete drugs

Insulin

Phase II

Liraglutide

Phase I

Metformin

Phase III

Pioglitazone

Phase II

NSAIDs

ALZT-OP1

Phase III

Multiple targets

Nutraceutical compound BrainUp-10

Phase II

Progranulin

AL101

Phase I

AZP2006

Phase I

Regulating gut microgiota

Sodium oligomamate

Phase III

CD38+CD8+ T cell depletion

Daratumumab

Phase II

MSC based inflammatory modulation

Lomecel-B

Phase II

PD-L1 (increase imunomodulatory macrophages)

IBC-Ab002

Phase I

Inflammation resolution

DHA

Phase IV

Peripheral monocytes activation

Protollin

Phase I

PD

α-synuclein targeted

ABBV-0805 (BAN0805)

Phase I

Affitope PD01A (ACI-7104)

Phase II

Lu AF82422

Phase I

Prasinezumab (PRX002)

Phase II

TAK-341 (MEDI1341)

Phase I

UB-312

Phase II

UCB7853

Phase I

UCB0599 (NPT200-11)

Phase II

Anti-inflammation

Dexamethasone

Phase II

Minocycline

Phase II

Naloxone

Phase III

NLRP3 inflammasome

Inzomelid

Phase I

TLR2 signaling

NPT520-34

Phase I

Diabete drugs

NLY01

Phase II

Exenatide

Phase III

CCR3 signaling

AKST4290

Phase II

LRRK2

BIIB094

Phase I

DNL151

Phase III

DNL201

Phase I

ERK, NF-κB, TNF-α

NE3107 (HE3286)

Phase II

GM-CSF signaling

Sargramostim

Phase I

ALS

Anti-inflammation

Masitinib

Phase III

Ibudilast

Phase II

RNS60

Phase I

NBP

Phase II

Anti-oxidant

Edaravone

Approved

JAK signaling

Baricitinib (NCB28050)

Phase I

Progranulin

Latozinemab (AL001)

Phase II

TLR2 signaling

NPT520-34

Phase I

RIPK1 signaling

DNL747 (SAR443060)

Phase I

DNL788 (SAR443820)

Phase II

IL-1R

Anakinra

Phase II

IL-6R

Tocilizumab

Phase II

Sigma-1R (Microchondrial function)

Pridopidine (ACR16)

Phase III

Reduce circulating lyphocytes

Fingolimod

Phase II

  1. The drugs with multiple targets or unknown targets are classified into anti-inflammation drugs. The drugs that have been discontinued are not included
  2. AD Alzheimer’s disease, PD Parkinson’s disease, ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Aβ Amyloid β-protein, TREM2 Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2, NO Nitric oxide, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha, TLR4 Toll Like Receptor 4, CSF-1R Receptor of the colony-stimulating factor-1, P2Y6 P2Y purinoceptor 6, NLRP3 NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3, GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, JAK Janus kinase, p38MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase, Sema4D Semaphorin 4D, NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, MSC Mesenchymal stem cells, PD-L1 Programmed death-ligand 1, TLR2 Toll Like Receptor 2, CCR3 C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3, LRRK2 Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, RIPK1 Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1, IL-1R Interleukin-1 receptor, IL-6R Interleukin-6 receptor, Sigma-1R Sigma 1 receptor, DHA Docosahexaenoic acid, dl-NBP Dl-3n-butylphthalide
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