Fig. 1

a C57BL6 mice were inoculated with 10⁴ CFU of indicated Kp strains and the Kaplan–Meier survival curve was recorded. n = 10/group. b Spleen weight and representative image of spleens harvested from Kp-infected mice. c Bacterial load in various organs of mice at 12 hpi. n = 5/group. d Cell suspensions recovered from the lungs and spleens of the test mice at 12 hpi were incubated with 300 μg/mL amikacin for 1 h and the number of CFU was counted. n = 5/group. e Major clusters and respective cell-type assignments in UMAP. f C57BL6 mice were inoculated with 10⁴ CFU of indicated Kp strains and IMs and Neus cells recovered from Kp-infected lungs were analyzed by flow cytometry. n = 5/group. g Quantification of IMs and Neus from (f) and Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD80 and CD206 on the surface of IMs. h Quantification of serum IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β levels by ELISA. i Expression of Stat1 in Neus and IMs was identified by scRNA-Seq. j C57BL6 mice were inoculated with 10⁴ CFU of indicated Kp strains and lung sample lysates were prepared for immunoblotting at 12 hpi. Beta-actin was used as a loading control. k C57BL6 mice were inoculated with 10⁴ CFU of 17ZR101 hvKp strains and F-ara was administrated at 3 hpi. Survival rate of infected mice was recorded. n = 10/group. l Analysis of serum IFN-γ levels of mice from (k). n = 5/group. m C57BL6 mice were inoculated with 10⁴ CFU of indicated Kp strains and various therapeutic drugs were administrated at 3 hpi. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve of mice was recorded. n = 5/group. n The survival curve of mice infected with 10⁷ CFU hvKp and these mice were given PBS, CAZ-AVI, ASA, and CAZ/AVI + ASA at 1 hpi. n = 6/group. o Bacteria burden of various organs from mice infected by 10⁷ CFU hvKp and treated with drugs at 4 hpi. Data were represented as mean ± SEM. NS, not significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001