Fig. 5

Impaired DNA damage repair, proliferation, and increased apoptosis in 22Rv1-RR GSK-J4-treated cells. a, b Effect of 2.5 Gy irradiation treatment in DNA damage of 22Rv1-RR GSK-J4-treated cells and vehicle control (DMSO) by comet assay. The results are the mean of at least 100 comets per condition. *P value < 0.05; ***P value < 0.001; ****P value < 0.0001. The graph represents tail moment, corresponding to tail length × % of DNA in the tail. Red line represents the median value. c Immunofluorescence staining of γ-H2AX foci (merged with DAPI) in 22Rv1-RR treated with GSK-J4 and vehicle control (DMSO) at 0 Gy and after 2.5 Gy IR (30 min and 24 h after). Images were taken using Olympus IX51 microscope at ×400 magnification (scale bar 20 μm). d, e Data quantification by flow cytometry for early and late apoptotic % cells and representative Annexin V/7ADD staining dot plots. f, g Representative graphs and dot plots for cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry according to BrdU/7ADD cell staining