Fig. 3

Associations between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and responses to neoadjuvant treatment. a Patients and tumor characteristics based on the baseline ctDNA status (T0). b ctDNA dynamics during neoadjuvant nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus chemotherapy. Proportion of patients based on ctDNA positivity according to available numbers of samples per time point. c Sankey plot displaying ctDNA dynamics (clearance/non-clearance) during neoadjuvant treatment versus response (pCR/non-pCR). Analyses were carried out for the patients with positive ctDNA at T0 (baseline) and corresponding ctDNA test results at T2 (following completing neoadjuvant therapy). N nivolumab monotherapy, N/C nivolumab plus chemotherapy, pCR pathologic complete response