Fig. 7

The high accuracy in CD4+ T detection and HIV immunodeficiency staging by DSAP. a The workflow of flow cytometric immune-cell phenotyping and DSAP-based high-throughput immune-cell phenotyping for blood samples analysis. The dots represent S-N according to at least three times parallel experiments. The gray bands represent 95% confidence interval bands. b The linear relationship between S-N decided by DSAP and the CD4+ T lymphocyte number decided by flow cytometry. c The Bland-Altman analysis of the CD4+ T lymphocyte number decided by flow cytometry and DSAP when detecting 18 blood samples. The upper and lower limit 95% confidence intervals and the mean bias of difference values are shown. d DSAP measured the blood samples from the patients with various diseases, and the linear relationships between S-N decided by DSAP and the CD4+ T lymphocyte number decided by FCA were displayed. The dots represent S-N according to at least three times parallel experiments. The gray bands represent 95% confidence interval bands. e The schematic illustration of CD4+ T lymphocyte monitoring by DSAP for HIV patients. The 95% confidence intervals of S-N were decided by DSAP when detecting blood samples from patients with mild, moderate, and severe immunodeficiency. f The boxplot represents the signal-to-noise by DSAP when detecting blood samples with different CD4+ T lymphocyte concentrations. g The signal-to-noise by DSAP when detecting blood samples from HIV patients with mild, moderate, and severe immunodeficiency. The ROC curve reflects the diagnostic accuracy of DSAP in diagnosing mild versus moderate immunodeficiency (h), moderate versus severe immunodeficiency (i), and severe immunodeficiency versus normal conditions (j). k The CD4+ T lymphocyte number was decided by DSAP of ten cancer patients of the terminal stage and ten of the early stage. The dots represent the CD4+ T lymphocyte mean concentration of every patient by DSAP, according to three repetitive experiments. l The CD4+ T lymphocyte number decided by DSAP for five patients before and after chemotherapy. The dots represent the CD4+ T lymphocyte mean concentration decided by DSAP, according to three repetitive experiments. m The CD4+ T lymphocyte number decided by DSAP for five patients before and after thymosin. The dots represent the CD4+ T lymphocyte mean concentration decided by DSAP, according to three repetitive experiments. All the tested samples were technical replicates. The **** represented p < 0.0001, *** represented p < 0.001, ** represented p < 0.01, * represented p < 0.05. The abbreviation S-N represents signal-to-noise