Fig. 4: The antiviral activities of the six aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron in vitro

a Inhibition efficiency of authentic SARS-CoV-2 prototype and (b) Omicron (BA.5) via ssDNA aptamers at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post of infection. EC₅₀ values were calculated using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard curve fitting (GraphPad Prism 8.0 Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) and presented in (c). d Time-of-addition experiment of six aptamers, the concentration of aptamers was 10 µM, n = 4 per group. All data are shown as the mean ± SEM, Statistical analyses were done using the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS 21.0 statistical software. where “*” represents p < 0.05; “**” represents p < 0.01; “***” represents p < 0.005; “****” represents p < 0.0001. vs the Full-time group. e CE analysis of competitive binding interactions between polyundylic acid and Seq-1022 with SARS-CoV-2 NP, i. 500 nM Seq-1022; ii. 500 nM Seq-1022 + 1000 nM SARS-CoV-2 NP; iii. 500 nM Seq-1022 + 1000 nM SARS-CoV-2 NP + 3.3 mg/mL polyundylic acid. “☾” represents the free aptamer; “☀” represents the complex of aptamer and SARS-CoV-2 NP. f CE analysis of competitive binding interactions between polyundylic acid and Seq-1280 with SARS-CoV-2 NP, i. 500 nM Seq-1280; ii. 500 nM Seq-1280 + 1000 nM SARS-CoV-2 NP; iii. 500 nM Seq-1280 + 1000 nM SARS-CoV-2 NP + 3.3 mg/mL polyundylic acid. g CE analysis of competitive binding interactions between anti-SARS-CoV-2 NP Ig G and Seq-1022 with SARS-CoV-2 NP. i. 100 nM Seq-1022; ii. 100 nM Seq-1022 + 200 nM SARS-CoV-2 N; iii. 100 nM Seq-1022 + 200 nM SARS-CoV-2 NP + 200 nM antiNP Ig G. “☾” represents the free aptamer; “☀” represents the complex of aptamer and SARS-CoV-2 NP. h CE analysis of competitive binding interactions between anti-SARS-CoV-2 NP Ig G and Seq-1280 with SARS-CoV-2 NP. i. 100 nM Seq-1280; ii. 100 nM Seq-1280 + 200 nM SARS-CoV-2 N; iii. 100 nM Seq-1280 + 200 nM SARS-CoV-2 NP + 200 nM antiNP Ig G