Fig. 5

Ex vivo and in vivo precise genome-editing therapy. a In ex vivo editing therapy, cells are harvested from the patient, modified, and subsequently reintroduced. b For in vivo systemic therapy (on the left), universal delivery agents are employed, capable of targeting a broad range of tissue types. For targeted in vivo therapy (on the right), targeted intervention can be accomplished by directly injecting viral vectors into the affected tissue or through systemic administration of vectors with an innate affinity for particular tissues, such as the heart, liver, or skeletal muscle. This figure was produced using BioRender.com