Fig. 8 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 8

From: Protein lipidation in health and disease: molecular basis, physiological function and pathological implication

Fig. 8

S-prenylation is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular signal transduction pathways. We briefly summarised several well-established signalling pathways of the main small GTPase family. The prenylation and post prenylation of these proteins often occur on the ER. K-Ras and N-Ras can be either farnesylated or geranylgeranylated, while H-Ras can only be farnesylated. N-Ras, H-Ras and K-Ras4a undergo S-palmitoylation before anchoring at the plasma membrane and activating downstream signalling. Other proteins, such as Rho, can switch membrane-bound states through binding to RhoGDI. Overall, protein prenylation mediates downstream signalling by regulating protein trafficking and protein‒protein interactions. ER endoplasmic reticulum, MAM mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, RE recycling endosome

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