Table 1 The GSDM family: expression, functions, and implications for disease

GSDMA

Human: GSDMA (17q21.1)

Mouse: Gsdma1–3 (11D)

GSDM1, FKSG9

SpeB

caspase-1 (non-mammals)

Esophagus, prostate, bladder, skin, gastric epithelium, CD4 T

Tumor suppresser; pyroptosis

Systemic sclerosis, IBD, asthma, alopecia

^{2,19,145,147,209}

GSDMB

Human: GSDMB (17q21.1)

Mouse: None

GSDML, PP4052, or PRO2521

Caspase-1, granzyme A

Digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, skin, bladder, spleen, NK cells, CD4 T, CD8 T

Tumor suppresser; pyroptosis

Breast cancer, asthma, IBD

^{24,36,151,152,155,165,166,167}

GSDMC

Human: GSDMC (8q24.21)

Mouse: Gsdmc1-4 (15D1)

MLZE

Caspase-8

Esophagus, vagina, skin, spleen, trachea, small intestine, colon

Pyroptosis

Metastatic melanoma

^{17,35,169,176,529}

GSDMD

Human: GSDMD (8q24.3)

Mouse: Gsdmd (15D3-E1)

GSDMDC1, DFNA5L, or FKSG10

Caspase-1/4/5/11, caspase-8, cathepsin G, neutrophil elastase

The vast majority of human organs and tissues, different types of leukocytes and T cells

Pyroptosis, NETosis, cytokines release

Sepsis, AD, AS, ARDS, IBD, EAE, FMF, HCC

^{28,29,42,43,175,176,180,226,258,502}

GSDME

Human: GSDME (7p15.3)

Mouse: Gsdme (6B2.3)

ICERE-1, DFNA5

granzyme B

Caspase-1/3/7 (teleosts)

Small intestine, cochlea, placenta, heart, brain, kidney

Pyroptosis, anti-tumor immunity, cytokines release

Deafness, cancer

^{16,33,34,47,183,184,185,186}

DFNB59

Human: DFNB59 (2q31.2)

Mouse: Dfnb59 (2C3)

PJVK, GSDMF

Not known

inner ear, liver, intestine, lung, kidney, brain, testis, CD4 T, CD8 T

Not known

Deafness

^{20,21,202,203}