Fig. 12 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 12

From: Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Fig. 12

TGR5 signaling—metabolic effects. Metabolic effects of TGR5 signaling, crystal structure shown is PDB 7CFM.631 TGR5 agonism induces incretin release, upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis and basal metabolic rate, and leads to ADIPOQ synthesis, increasing carbohydrate/lipid tolerance and reducing ceramide concentrations. Proteins with a yellow outline represent kinases and phosphatases, while yellow arrows represent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Yellow P’s represent phosphate groups. Question marks represent unknown mechanisms. Dashed mechanism arrows represent vesicle exocytosis, while dashed arrows through a protein describe the direction of ion flow. Italicized text refers to genes while normal text refers to proteins. This figure was created with BioRender.com

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