Fig. 13 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 13

From: Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Fig. 13

TGR5 signaling—non-metabolic and immunologic effects. Non-metabolic and immunologic effects of TGR5 signaling, crystal structure shown is PDB 7CFM. TGR5 agonism represses macrophage/adipocyte-specific inflammation, enhances hepatic vasodilation, biliary flow, represses pro-inflammatory NF-κB activity, and induces IL-10/TGFβ expression. Proteins with a yellow outline represent kinases and phosphatases, while yellow arrows represent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Yellow P’s represent phosphate groups. Question marks represent unknown mechanisms. Dashed mechanism arrows represent vesicle exocytosis, while dashed arrows through a protein describe the direction of ion flow. Italicized text refers to genes while normal text refers to proteins. This figure was created with BioRender.com

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