Fig. 14

Ceramides, BA-induced culprits behind cardiometabolic disease. Systemic ceramide secretion induced by high gut FXR agonism and low systemic TGR5 agonism increases lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, pro-atherogenic inflammation, and insulin resistance while inhibiting lipolysis and mitochondrial function. Proteins with a yellow outline represent kinases and phosphatases, while yellow arrows represent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Yellow P’s represent phosphate groups. Italicized text refers to genes while normal text refers to proteins. This figure was created with BioRender.com