Fig. 9 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 9

From: Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Fig. 9

Hepatic/gut FXR signaling—carbohydrate metabolism. Hepatic and gut enteroendocrine L-cell FXR signaling pertaining to carbohydrate metabolism. FXR agonism increases glycogenesis, insulin sensitivity, represses gluconeogenesis, and blunts glycolysis. Gut FXR agonism represses GLP-1 synthesis and secretion. Dashed mechanism arrows represent the Ras-Raf-MEK signaling cascade, while dashed arrows through a protein represent the direction of substrate flux. Proteins with a yellow outline represent kinases and phosphatases, while yellow arrows represent phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Yellow P’s represent phosphate groups. Italicized text refers to genes while normal text refers to proteins. Question marks represent unknown mechanisms. This figure was created with BioRender.com

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