Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer therapeutics: current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities

Fig. 1

Timeline showing representative events of drug approval, clinical trials, and key biological discovery for immunoregulatory targets of anti-cancer therapeutics. Events involving immunoregulatory receptors and bispecific antibodies are in blue and dark gray boxes and those related to immuno-epigenetics and cytokines are in light gray and pink boxes, respectively. Boxes with solid lines indicate approvals, while other events are in dashed line boxes. Lines with rounded corners indicate the period of clinical trials. The approvals include the final approval, the accelerated approval by FDA, and the approval by EMA. Cancer stage descriptions such as advanced or metastatic, pathological subtypes, and details of combination therapies are omitted. ICI immune checkpoint inhibitors, mAb monoclonal antibody, BiTE bispecific T cell engager, ALL acute lymphoid leukemia, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, MSI-H microsatellite instability-high, dMMR deficient mismatch repair, TNBC triple-negative breast cancer, SCLC small cell lung cancer, bsAb bispecific antibody, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, TCR T-cell receptor, TCE T cell engager, rhIL-2 recombinant human interleukin-2

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