Table 3 The mechanisms of conditions caused by hyperuricemia
From: Hyperuricemia and its related diseases: mechanisms and advances in therapy
Diseases | Symptoms | Mechanisms related to hyperuricemia |
|---|---|---|
Gout | Arthritis Tophi deposits and loss of mobility Destruction of cartilage and bone | NLRP3 inflammasome, orchestrating the inflammatory cascade in response to MSU crystal deposition Cytokines secretion from macrophages and neutrophils |
Kidney disease | Chronic kidney diseases Nephrolithiasis Acute kidney injury | Renal vasoconstriction via inflammation Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction Renin-angiotensin system activation by UA |
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) | Central obesity Hypertension Hyperglycemia Low HDL cholesterol | Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia Excessive consumption of uric acid Renal dysfunction Oxidative stress and inflammation |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | Hypertension Atrial fibrillation Coronary heart disease Herat failure | Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation XO effects ischemic and other types of tissue Vascular injuries Inflammatory diseases |
Hypertension | High blood pressure | Oxidative stress Intracellular urate activity Endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage |
Intervertebral degeneration (IVD) | Back pain and stiffness Nerve compression and numb Limitation of range motion | Oxidative stress and inflammation Microvascular dysfunction Cellular damage |
Diabetes | Obesity Insulin resistance Peripheral neuropathy | Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia High consumption of Fructose Oxidative stress and inflammation |
