Table 2 TLSs in diseases: detection, markers, components, location, prognostic value, and therapeutic effects
From: Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances
Disease | Â | Detection | Markers | Components | Location | Prognostic Value | Therapeutic Effects | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor | HNSCC | scRNA-seq | NA | TIL-B cell with GCs TLSs with GCs | NA | Positive | NA | |
HNSCC | IHC | LAMP3 CCL2 CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCL18 CCL19 CCL21 CXCL9 CXCL10 CXCL11 CXCK13 CXCR4 | Memory B cells Immature and activated B cells memory and activated CD4 + T CD8 + T cells activated dendritic cells type I T helper cells MDSC | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
HNSCC | IF FC | CD3 CD8 FoxP3 CD20 cytokeratin | Cytotoxic CD4+ T helper cells Regulatory T cells (Tregs) B lymphocytes | NA | Positive | PD-L1 positive | ||
HNSCC | scRNA-Seq | CXCR3 CCR7 CCR6 CXCR5 CCR1 | NA | - | Positive | ICB positive | ||
TSCC | IHC | IL10 CD19 Foxp3 CD4 | Bregs Tregs | Â | Negative | NA | ||
Ovarian Cancer | IF IHC RtPCR ELISA Western Blot | CD20 CD4 SCD1 CD8α CXCL13 CCL21 VEGFC | CD4 T cell CD20 B cell | NA | Positive | PD-1 positive | ||
HGSOC | MCPcounter | NA | TLS | NA | Positive | NA | ||
HGSOC | IHC RNA ISH double staining | CXCL13 | CD4 T cell | NA | Positive | NA | ||
ESCC | H&E | CD20 Ki67 CD21 CD4 LAMP3 CD8 | GC | NA | Positive | NA | ||
ESCC | mIHC H&E | CD21 CD23 PD-1 CD1c CD4 CD8 CD19 CD21 CD138 | TLSs | peri-tumor | Positive | PD-1 positive | ||
LUAD | H&E | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
LUAD | IHC | CD8 Foxp3 CD20 CD4 DC-Lamp CCL19 CCL21 CCR7 | DC TLS | NA | Positive | NA | ||
LSCC | H&E IHC IF | CD21 CD23 CXCL13 | GC TLS | NA | Positive | Neoadjuvant treatment negative | ||
NSCLC | H&E IHC | CD3 CD20 CD21 | FDC T cell B cell | NA | NA | Neoadjuvant treatment positive | ||
NSCLC | scRNA-seq | CD79A CD83 CD69 SELL BANK1 HMGA1 AICDA RGS13 | GC Follicular B cells Plasma cells | NA | Positive | ICB Positive | ||
NSCLC | FC ELISA | CD14 CD38 CD138 CD27 | GC Memory B cell | NA | Positive | Neoadjuvant treatment positive | ||
nmCRC | IHC H&E | CD20 CD3 CD21 CXCL13 HEV | B cell T cell FDCs GC HEV | peri-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
nmCRC | mIF | CD21 CD23 CXCL13 | GC FDC | NA | Positive | NA | ||
CRC | IHC | CD3 CD8 GKA-DR CD31 MECA-79 | CD3 T cell CD8 T cell M1 macrophages Vessels HEV | Peri-tumor HEV/TLS | Positive | NA | ||
HCC | Pathological examination Gene expression profiling | CCL2 CCL4 CCL5 CCL8 CCL18 CCL19 CCL21 CXCL9 CXCL10 CXCL11 CXCL13 | TLS | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
HCC | H&E | NA | TLSs | Peri-tumor | Negative | NA | ||
HCC | FFPE | NA | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
CCA | H&E mIHC | CD20 CD21 | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
CCA | mIHC H&E | CD20 CD3 MECA-79 CD21 CD23 TCL1A PAX5 TNFRSF13C CD79A | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
CCA | mIHC H&E | CD20 CD3 MECA-79 CD21 CD23 TCL1A PAX5 TNFRSF13C CD79A | TLSs | Peri-tumor | Negative | NA | ||
iCCA | mIHC H&E | CD3 CD8 CD20 CD68 CK19 PDL1 CD4 Foxp3 Bcl6 | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
iCCA | mIHC H&E | CD3 CD8 CD20 CD68 CK19 PDL1 CD4 Foxp3 Bcl6 | TLSs | Peri-tumor | Negative | NA | ||
iCCA | mIF IHC | MECA-79 CD8 CD20 | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
cHCC-CCA | Spatial transcriptome sequencing RNA-seq IMC IHC mIF | CK19 HepPar-1 GPC3 | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
ccRCC | IHC | CD3 Bcl6 CD8 CD10 Foxp3 | TLSs | NA | Negative | Negative | ||
ccRCC | IHC H&E | CD3 CD20 CD21 CD23 | TLSs | Tumor-proximal | Positive | NA | ||
ccRCC | IHC H&E | CD3 CD20 CD21 CD23 | TLSs | Tumor-distal | Negative | NA | ||
ccRCC | IHC | CD3 CD8a CD20 CD4 CD68 CD31 Pan-Keratin Ecad αSMA VIM | T cells B cells Macrophages tumor cells epithelial cells endothelial cells fibroblasts | NA | Positive | NA | ||
BCa | Pathological examination | CXCL13 | NA | NA | ICB positive | NA | ||
BCa | TCGA | NA | TLSs | NA | Negative | ICB negative | ||
MIBC | TCGA | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | ICB positive | ||
UCB | IHC | CD20 CD3 Bcl-6 CD21 | TLSs GC | NA | Positive | NA | ||
EVaGC | mIHC | CD20 CD21 CD4 CD8 Foxp3 | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
GC | mIHC | MECA-79 CD21 | FDC HEV | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Bladder Cancer | scRNA-seq | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Bladder Cancer | TCGA | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Bladder Cancer | IHC | CD4 CD8 CD163 Foxp3 | TLSs | Peri-tumor | Negative | NA | ||
TNBC | H&E IHC | CD8 CD45 CD20 | Cytotoxic T cells Memory T cells B cells | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Breast Cancers | IHC | CD3 CD20 CD23 | T cell B cell FDC | NA | Positive | NA | ||
EC | TCGA | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
EC | IHC | CD8 CD20 CD4 CD38 CD23 | TLSs | Intra-tumor | Positive | NA | ||
Glioma | TCGA | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Melanoma | mIHC | CD8 CD20 KIT67 CD4 | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Melanoma | scRNA-Seq IHC | CD20 CD40 | CD20CD22ADAM28 B cell | NA | NA | ICB positive | ||
ePM | IHC scRNA-Seq | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
EMPM | FFPE | NA | TLSs | NA | NA | Positive | ||
PDAC | scRNA-seq mIHC FC | CD3 CD21 CD103 CD8 CD20 PNAd BCL6 Ki67 | CD8 T cell IgG1 class-switched memory B cell Memory CD4 T cell Naive B cell NK cell GC | NA | Positive | NA | ||
PDAC | scRNA-Seq mIF | NA | TLSs | NA | Positive | Chemotherapy positive | ||
PDAC | H&E mIHC | CD4 CD8 CD20 CD11c CD15 CD68 Foxp3 | CD4T cells CD8T cells B cells DCs Granulocytes Treg Macrophages | NA | Positive | NA | ||
PDAC | IHC | CD4 CD8 CD20 CD45 CD68 Foxp3 | TLSs | NA | Positive | NA | ||
cSCC | IHC H&E | CD3 CD8 CD 21 MECA-79 | B cells T cells HEV FDC | NA | Positive | NA | ||
MCC | IHC RNA-seq | CD3 CD8 CD20 CD21 | T cells B cells | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Autoimmune disease | SLE LN | IHC | NA | TLSs | NA | NA | NA | |
SLE LN | IHC | CD20 CD3 CD21 | B cells T cells FDC | Kidney | Negative | NA | ||
SS | FC RNA-seq | NKp30 CD337 | NCR3 | Salivary glands | NA | NA | ||
SS | ELISA RT-PCR | CX3CL1 | CX3CL1 | Salivary glands | NA | NA | ||
RA | IHC IF | CD3 CD20 CD138 CD68 | MC B cells | Synovial tissue | Negative | NA | ||
MS | FC RNA-seq | NA | TLSs | Meninges | NA | NA | ||
MS | IHC IF PCR | CD4 CD8 CD79a IBA1 CD68 | TLSs | NA | NA | NA | ||
Uveitis | IHC | CD3 CD20 CD21 | B cells T cells FDC | Retina | NA | NA | ||
Uveitis | scRNA-seq | NA | TLSs | Retina | NA | NA | ||
GCA | IHC IF | CD3 CD20 CD21 CD68 CD138 | T cells B cells FDC Macrophages Plasma cells | Aortic | NA | NA | ||
GCA | IHC PCR IF | CD3 CD20 CD21 | T cells B cells FDC | Temporal artery | NA | NA | ||
Pemphigus | IHC | CD3 CD20 CD138 | T cells B cells Plasma cells | NA | NA | NA | ||
Pemphigus | IHC RNA-seq | CD4 CXCL13 | Tregs Memory T cells | NA | NA | NA | ||
Transplant | Heart transplant | IHC | CD3 CD45 MECA -79 | T cells B cells PNAd | Heart | Negative | NA | |
Heart transplant | IHC | CD20 CD27 | TLSs | Epicardial coronary arteries | Negative | NA | ||
Kidney transplant | IHC H&E | CD20 | TLSs | Kidney | NA | NA | ||
Kidney transplant | IHC | CD20 | TLSs | Kidney | Positive | NA | ||
Lung transplant | IHC H&E | NA | TLSs | Lung | Positive | NA | ||
Infection | Colitis | IF | B220 MHCII CD11c- CD3 CD11c MHCII+ CD35 CD31 MAdCAM-1 | B cells T cells DC FDC Vessel HEV | Colon | No effect | NA | |
Crohn’s disease (CD) | IF | CD20 CD3 IL-33R CD138 PNAd | B cells T cells innate lymphoid cells plasma cells | Lymphatic vessels | NA | NA | ||
CD | IHC | CD20 CD3 CD31 gp38 PNAd CD21 CD19 | B cells T cells Vessel Lymphatic vessels HEV FDC | Transmural lesions | Negative | NA | ||
COPD | IHC | CD19 | TLSs | SIgA- airway | Negative | NA | ||
COPD | IHC | CD20 CD21 | B cells FDC | Distal lung tissue (peribronchiolar and parenchymal) | No relation | NA | ||
COPD | IHC | IL-18 CD68 | GC | NA | Negative | NA | ||
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) | IHC/IF | CD3 CD20 CD21 Ki-67 PNAd D2-40 CD11c CD138 CD68 CD56 | T cells B cells FDC Proliferating B cells HEV Lymphatic vessels DC Plasma cells Macrophages NK cells | NA | Negative | NA | ||
Tuberculosis (TB) | IHC | B22 CD3 | B cells T cells | NA | Positive | NA | ||
Influenza virus infection | IHC PNA staining | B220 CD11c CD4 CD8 M2 CD138 GL-7 | B cells DC T cells FDC Plasma cells GC | Bronchi Lung interstitium | Positive | NA | ||
Influenza virus infection | HE IHC/IF | B220 CD3 CD11c GL7 | B cells T cells DC GC | Bronchi | Positive | NA | ||
Staphylococcus aureus lung infection | IHC | CD20 CD3 PNAd CD21 PCNA | B cells T cells HEV FDC GC | Bronchi | No relation | NA | ||
Viral Myocarditis (VMC) | HE IHC/IF | CD3 B220 CD21 Ki67 PNAd | T cells B cells FDC HEV | NA | Negative | NA |
