Fig. 5
From: Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy
Interplay between colorectal cancer pathogenesis and the gut microbiota. This figure illustrates the interaction between various gut microbiota and the development of colorectal cancer. Specific bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli (pks+ strains), Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Helicobacter pylori, produce factors that contribute to cancer pathogenesis. These factors include FadA adhesin, colibactin, B. fragilis toxin (BFT), extracellular superoxide, and cytotoxin-associated gene product (CagA), which lead to processes like Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, NF-κB signaling activation, IL-8 secretion, IL-1β secretion, DNA damage, chromosomal instability, genotoxic stress, and inflammation. The Figure underscores the significant role of gut microbiota in influencing colorectal cancer pathways
