Fig. 3

Novel glycolipids generated by C. parakroppenstedtii and their roles. a Concentration of serum iron in 10 patients with GLM who had a confirmed diagnosis of C. kroppenstedtii infection. b Verification of iron deficiency in rats infected with C. parakroppenstedtii P1. The experiment consisted of a control (PBS) group (7 rats) and a C. parakroppenstedtii P1 group (10 rats). After breast fat pad injection, rats in each group were sacrificed on day 10. c Iron-related indicators in the serum of rats with GLM. Fe: iron ions; TIBC: total iron binding capacity; TS: transferrin saturation; FER: ferritin. Data are presented as the mean values ± SEM, and group comparisons were calculated using Kruskal–Wallis test or Wilconxon singed rank exact test (P value was adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg correction) as appropriate. d High-performance liquid cohrmatography analysis of culture supernatants from C. parakroppenstedtii fermentation. e Structures of corynekropbactins from C. parakroppenstedtii. f Compounds on CAS detection media, corynekropbactin I: 0.8 mg; corynekropbactin II: 0.8 mg; fraction: 50 µL fraction containing corynekropbactins during purification. g Growth curves of C. parakroppenstedtii P1 in different PGT culture media with Tween 80. Except for the Fe-free group, the corresponding compounds of the remaining groups were added at 10 µM. Three biological replicates were set up for each group. Data are presented as the mean values ± SD. h The relative ratio of corynekropbactins in different PGT culture media with soy oil. The relative ratio was calculated as the ratio of the production of corynekropbactins in each group to that in the Fe-free group. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ were added at 10 µM. Three biological replicates were set up for each group. Data are presented as the mean values ± SD, and ordinary one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison was performed to calculate statistical significance. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. i Compounds 1 and 2 caused changes in the levels of cytokines in MCF-10A cells. Four biological replicates were set up for each group. Data are presented as the mean values ± SD, and Dunn’s test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons was performed to calculate statistical significance. j Liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) extracted ion chromatograms of supernatants of MCF-10A or C. parakroppenstedtii-treated MCF-10A cells. m/z of extracted ions: 1-811.3582, 2-1037.5491, 3-837.3735, 4-813.3735, 5-979.4710, 6-1007.5027, 7-955.4711, 8-983.5058. (k) LC-MS/MS extracted ion chromatogram of PBS-injected or C. parakroppenstedtii-injected rats. m/z of extracted ions: 1-811.3582, 2-1037.5491, 3-837.3735, 4-813.3735, 5-979.4710, 6-1007.5027, 7-955.4711, 8-983.5058. The experiment consisted of a control (PBS) group (6 rats) and a C. parakroppenstedtii P1 group (6 rats). Breast fad pad injections were performed on day 1 and day 4, and the rats in each group were sacrificed on day 8