Fig. 1
From: Intermittent high-fat diet: atherosclerosis progression by neutrophil reprogramming
HFD re-exposure promotes neutrophilia through IL-1β signaling and atherosclerosis. Alternating HFD involved feeding with a HFD for 4 weeks, switching to a CD for 8 weeks, and then re-exposure to HFD for an additional 4 weeks. The control group was fed a CD for 8 weeks, followed by continuous exposure to HFD for 8 weeks. Upon re-exposure to HFD, lipids activated the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway, leading to IL-1β production by neutrophils. IL-1β bound to its receptor in GMPs, triggering emergency myelopoiesis in the BM, which resulted in a reduction of GMPs and an increase in immature neutrophils. These immature neutrophils were released into circulation, increasing their numbers and infiltrating the atheroma plaque, where they released NETs, contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis. Figure created by BioRender
