Fig. 1

Overview of the study design. A total of 328 NSCLC patients were screened and 101 patients were enrolled in this study. However, 6 patients discontinued ICI treatment before PD mainly due to side effects, 2 patients died due to non-cancer reasons, 6 patients failed to collect sufficient blood samples at preset time and 4 patients were lost to follow-up. Finally, 83 NSCLC patients were included for further analysis