Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: Preclinical CSF proteomic changes: a milestone in biomarker detection for autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease

Fig. 1

Three early stages of proteomic changes and six selected proteins for a new predictive model in ADAD. Temporal occurrence of characteristic physiological changes during the preclinical phase of ADAD and activation of super-pathways are staged into M1, M2, and M3. For each stage, distinct proteins were selected for the development of a new prediction model, M1: SPARC Related Modular Calcium Binding 1 (SMOC1), SPARC Related Modular Calcium Binding 2 (SMOC2), Neuronal Pentraxin (NPTX); M2: Proliferation And Apoptosis Adaptor Protein 15 (PEA15); M3: Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 1B (TNFRSF1B). The lower panel indicates the continuum in traditional biomarkers of its defining neuropathological features. Red = elevated expression, blue = decreased expression/ratio, yellow = detection in positron emission tomography, purple = neurological symptoms, EYO = estimated year of onset. This figure was created using BioRender (www.biorender.com; Toronto, Ontario, Canada)

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