Fig. 4 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 4

From: AXL signaling in cancer: from molecular insights to targeted therapies

Fig. 4

AXL-mediated phenotypic changes in cancer cells induce therapeutic resistance. AXL promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and therapeutic resistance by inducing several EMT transcription factors, such as Snail, Slug, Smad-3, β-catenin, and TWIST1, as well as markers like MMP9, ZEB1, and Vimentin. The TGF-β/Smad-4/YAP pathway is reported to upregulate AXL expression, facilitating these phenotypic changes in cancer cells

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