Fig. 5 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Phototherapy in cancer treatment: strategies and challenges

Fig. 5

Overview of several strategies for overcoming hypoxia limitations. a Overview of Decomposition of H2O2 to O2 and Splitting water to O2 within the tumor. b Mechanisms of inhibition of tumor mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. c Overview of HIF-1 pathway under normal and hypoxia conditions in cellular. d Illustration of the chemical reactions and related biochemical effects in tumor cells induced by PDT + CDT. NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. ADP adenosine diphosphate. ATP adenosine triphosphate. HIF-1 hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. PHD prolyl hydroxylase domain. pVHL von Hippel–Lindau. PDT photodynamic therapy. PS photosensitizers. CDT Chemodynamic therapy. GSH glutathione. GSSG oxidized glutathione. The figure was created with BioRender.com

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