Fig. 2

Deficiency of A. muciniphila determines psychological stress-triggered tumor development and anxiety-like behavior. a Alpha diversity of the gut microbiota between the Ctrl and Stress mice inoculated with Py8119 cells, as indicated by Chao1 indices (n = 10 mice per group). b PCA of fecal microbiota from the Ctrl and Stress mice inoculated with Py8119 cells (n = 10 mice per group). c Taxonomic cladogram generated from LEfSe of metagenomic sequencing data. Green indicates species level in the Ctrl mice whereas red show the species level in the Stress mice inoculated with Py8119 cells. The criteria of feature selection are log10 LDA score > 3.1. d Heatmap of the selected most differentially abundant features at the species level in feces of Ctrl and stressed mice inoculated with Py8119 cells (n = 10 mice per group). e Venn diagram showing the overlap of from LEfSe (log10 LDA score > 3.1) and differentially abundant species from heatmap (p < 0.05) (up). Five bacterial species abundance in Ctrl and Stress groups (down) (n = 10 mice per group). f Schematic of the Ctrl or stressed C57BL/6 J mice inoculated with Py8119 cells with A. muciniphila (AKK) administration. The AKK and Stress+AKK groups were treated with 200 μl (3 × 10⁸ CFU) AKK for 21 days (n = 8 mice per group). g Representative bioluminescence images of Py8119-pLVX-MCS-Luc2 orthotopic tumors in Ctrl and Stress groups treated with AKK or saline. h Tumor volumes curves in Ctrl and Stress mice treated with AKK or saline (n = 8 mice per group). i Representative HE photomicrographs, NANOG and Ki67 staining in tumors from the Ctrl and Stress group treated with AKK or saline (Scale bar, 50 μm). j Quantitative results of IHC staining from indicated markers in indicated groups (n = 6 representative images). k Schematic of the Ctrl or stressed C57BL/6J mice inoculated with Py8119 cells. Stressed mice were treated with 200 μl AKK-Supernatant (Sup) (3 × 10⁸ CFU) or Dead-AKK (heat-killed) for 21 days (n = 8 mice per group). l Representative bioluminescence images of Py8119-pLVX-MCS-Luc2 orthotopic tumors between Ctrl, Stress, stressed mice treated with AKK-Sup or Dead-AKK. m Tumor volumes curves in Ctrl and Stress mice and stressed mice treated with AKK-Sup or Dead-AKK (n = 8 mice per group). All data represent the mean ± s.d. (a, d, e, h, m) by two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test, b by Weighted UniFrac ANOSIM analysis, j by one-way ANOVA. For multiple comparisons, p-values were adjusted using the FDR correction. P values are as indicated