Fig. 5
From: Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment
Viral pneumonia-related cytokine storm. Infection and invasion of viruses trigger local immunity, while the activation of inflammation in infected macrophages and immune cells releases proinflammatory cytokines and interleukins, leading to the cytokine release syndrome in severe viral pneumonia. Abbreviation: TLR Toll-like receptor, JAK Janus kinase, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription, SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, IL interleukin, IFN-γ interferon γ, MERS-CoV Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, TNF tumor necrosis factor, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The figure was created with the assistance of FIGDRAW
