Fig. 9
From: Deep insight into cytokine storm: from pathogenesis to treatment
Future therapeutic targets for drugs and new therapeutic approaches in cytokine storm related diseases. a The important target factors for anti-inflammation therapy. Blood purification using cytokine adsorption columns (b), cytokine nanosponges (c), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy (d) are the most promising treatments against cytokine storm. Abbreviation: TLR Toll-like receptor, IL interleukin, IFN interferon, TNF tumor necrosis factor, NK natural killer cells, DC dendritic cells, ILC2 the group 2 innate lymphoid cell, Th helper T cells, PGE2 prostaglandin E2, TGF transforming growth factor, MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cells, HLA-G5 human leukocyte antigen G5, IDD intervertebral disc degeneration, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, CXCL3 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3. The figure was created with the assistance of FIGDRAW
